為民間信仰常見的武將之一,與中壇元帥(三太子)齊名。又稱「清源真君」、「楊府元帥」,俗稱「真君爺」、「帥爺公」。
在中國歷史上因各時代、地區的差異,其所指稱的二郎神亦不盡相同。最早二郎神是指東漢《風俗通義》記載之秦國治理都江堰的蜀守李冰父子;之後《三教源流搜神大全》中所記載隋代嘉州太守趙昱及晉代襄陽太守鄧遐等人,因治水有功,而被後人崇祀,也被尊稱為「二郎神」。
此外,根據佛教的說法,二郎即為毘沙門天王的第二子--獨鍵,與第三子哪吒同為佛教護法戰神;傳至中國後,這個角色也被移植到明代章回小說《西遊記》、《封神演義》中,形成有血有肉的靈魂角色。小說中所述之楊二郎、楊戩,即具備濃厚的武將性格,好戰、善鬥且具開創性,故也被奉為事業之神。
目前台灣奉祀的二郎神,大多為《西遊記》及《封神演義》所述之楊戩,因此受到許多楊氏族人的崇祀,如來自福建廈門霞陽的楊氏族人便將此信仰帶來臺灣,初期落腳於台南縣佳里鎮番仔寮,之後隨移民傳播至台南市安南區新和順、海尾及高雄紅毛港等地。現今台灣而較具知名度的廟宇,由北而南大致有:苗栗縣後龍迴天宮、台中縣沙鹿龍神宮、台南縣佳里應元宮、台南市安南區保和宮、高雄市紅毛港濟天宮等,各廟祭祀日期不盡相同,但以農曆六月廿四日及九月十二日兩日為多。
關鍵詞:二郎神君、清源真君、真君爺、楊戩、治水
參考書目
1. 不著撰人。1980。《繪圖三教源流搜神大全.附搜神記》。台北:聯經(據清宣統元年長沙葉德輝麗廔叢書本影印)。
2. 王秋桂。1983.3。〈二郎神傳說補考〉。《民俗曲藝》,22:1-26,台北:施合鄭民俗基金會。
3. 仇德哉。1983。《臺灣省之寺廟與神明(四)》。台中:臺灣省文獻委員會。
參考網站
1. 台南縣佳里鎮番仔寮應元宮。2010.10.12讀取。
http://myweb.hinet.net/home12/fanziliao/
2. 台南市安南區新和順保和宮官方網站。2007.12.31讀取。http://shinheshun.myweb.hinet.net/
Erlang Shen (二郎神) is a famous martial god in Chinese popular religion. He is also called Qingyuan zhenjun (清源真君), Yangfu yuanshuai (楊府元帥), Zhenjun ye (真君爺) or Shuaiye gong(帥爺公). He is often linked with the Nalakūvala, Zhongtan Yuanshuai (中壇元帥).
Though Erlang Shen is famous, this title denotes various persons corresponding to different areas and eras. According to the Fengsu Tongyi (風俗通義), in Eastern Han dynasty, Erlang Shen are Li Bing (李冰) and his sons in Qin(秦) dynasty or Li Bing’s second son. Li Bing is famous as the engineer of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System (都江堰). Regarding to the Sanjiao Yuanliu Soushen daquan (三教源流搜神大全) in Ming dynasty, Erlang Shen represented Zhao Yu (趙昱), the Commandery (太守) of Jiazhou (嘉州), in Sui dynasty or Deng Xia (鄧遐) the Commandery of Xiangyang (襄陽) in Jin (晉) dynasty. Like Li Bing, they also made some achievement on regulating rivers and watercourses.
In the Buddhist scriptures, Erlang Shen is Vaisravana’s second son, Nalakūvala’s elder brother, an Indian god. His name is Dujian (獨鍵) in Chinese. Erlang Shen and Nalakūvala are all martial god. When it was Ming dynasty, Dujian became Erlang Shen named Yang Jian in the Journey to the West (西遊記) and the Fengshen Yanyi (封神演義). Dujian as Yang Jian still kept his martial identity.
In Taiwan, Erlang Shen is equal to Yang Jian, the martial character in the Journey to the West and the Fengshen Yanyi. He is majorly worshiped by Clan Yang. At first, his temple was established in Fanzai Liao, Tainan by migrants from Xiamen (廈門) , Fujian province. Then the worship to Erlang Shen spreaded to Gaoxiong (高雄) as well. Today, the famous temples dedicated to Erlang Shen are Huitian temple (迴天宮) in Miaoli (苗栗), Longshen temple (龍神宮) in Taizhong (台中), Baohe temple and Yingyuan temple in Tainan, and Jitian temple (濟天宮) in Gaoxiong. The day worshiping to Erlang Shen among those temples are little difference. In Chinese lunar calendar, the twenty-fourth day in the sixth month and the twelveth day in the nineth month are the major.
Keywords: Erlang Shenjun, Qingyuan zhenjun, Zhenjun ye, Yang Jian